Introduction: Examined Live – An Epistemological Exchange Between Philosophy and Cultural Psychology on Reflection

Besides the general agreement about the human capability of reflection, there is a large area of disagreement and debate about the nature and value of “reflective scrutiny” and the role of “second-order states” in everyday life. This problem has been discussed in a vast and heterogeneous literature about topics such as epistemic injustice, epistemic norms, agency, understanding, meta-cognition etc. However, there is not yet any extensive and interdisciplinary work, specifically focused on the topic of the epistemic value of reflection. This volume is one of the first attempts aimed at providing an innovative contribution, an exchange between philosophy, epistemology and psychology about the place and value of reflection in everyday life. Our goal in the next sections is not to offer an exhaustive overview of recent work on epistemic reflection, nor to mimic all of the contributions made by the chapters in this volume. We will try to highlight some topics that have motivated a new resumption of this field and, with that, drawing on chapters from this volume where relevant. Two elements defined the scope and content of this volume, on the one hand, the crucial contribution of Ernest Sosa, whose works provide original and thought-provoking contributions to contemporary epistemology in setting a new direction for old dilemmas about the nature and value of knowledge, giving a central place to reflection. On the other hand, the recent developments of cultural psychology, in the version of the “Aalborg approach”, reconsider the object and scope of psychological sciences, stressing that “[h]uman conduct is purposeful”

Ice-induced vibrations of offshore structures - Looking beyond ISO 19906

The paper deals with the classical ice engineering challenge of ice-induced vibrations (IIV) of offshore platforms. There is still a general industry concern with aspects of IIV and the load amplification that can arise in some situations resulting from ice interaction with a structure. It was thought important to re-visit current design methodology and practice, as well as the data that led to their formulation. A joint industry project (JIP) was organized, in which the main offshore oil companies joined together to sponsor development and validation of models for ice induced vibration. Broadly, the JIP: i) identified interesting aspects of the mechanisms behind IIV; ii) sponsored further development of three numerical modeling approaches chosen for the range of physics they captured; iii) and, provided calibrated models to an independent engineering company who used them to assess the model's accuracy in simulating five full-scale events whose data had been withheld from the model developers - ensuring an independent validation rather than a further fitting of models to data. This paper is a "briefing" and provides an overview of the background, progress, and some validation findings: a status report on the reliability of present procedures available to the offshore industry when designing platforms in moving ice where IIV can be expected. The "science" behind the models will be presented by the model developers themselves (e.g. Hendrikse & Metrikine, 2013) and in further publications once the JIP confidentiality conditions expire.Applied Mechanic